Surveying Measurements and Adjustments

List of Practicals :

1. Study of different types of maps, maps in the making, conventional symbols and map numbering system.

2. Introduction to various surveying equipments – Level and Theodolites.

3. Measurement of magnetic bearing of traverse with at least five sides using Prismatic Compass.

4. Use of Auto level to determine the Reduced Level of at least five different given points (use Height of Collimation method)

5. Use of Auto level to determine the Reduced Level of a number of points by fly levelling and close the network at the given Bench Mark (use Rise and Fall method)

6. Profile and Cross-sectional levelling of a road at an interval of 20m and 2m respectively of the central line of the road using Total Station. Plot the profile and cross section on a graph sheet at a suitable scale.

7. (a) Determine the height of a building using Trigonometric Levelling. (b) Layout the traverse with at least five sides using Tacheometric observations.

8. Measurement of horizontal and vertical angles by Repetition and Reiteration Methods.

9. Mount drawing sheet on Plane table and draw 2cm grid on sheet. Plot the traverse on drawing sheet. Plot the details/features.

10. Plot the detail/features and draw elevation contours using Plane Table surveys.

11. Total Station for taking field measurements

12. Use of Total Station for angles and distance measurements.

Contents:

• Principles of surveying, Various maps and their scales, Symbols and colours, Generalisation of information;
• Surveying measuring equipments & techniques - Distance, Height, Angles and Directions. Compass Surveying: Bearings and Azimuths;
• Levelling: Balancing of sights, Differential leveling, profile and cross-section leveling, reducing the levels- Height of Instrument and Rise & Fall method. Contouring;
• Trigonometrical Leveling and Tacheometric surveying;
• Methods of control establishment: Traversing, Traverse computations and adjustments. Triangulation and Trilateration;
• Plane Table Surveys;
• Modern surveying equipments- Total Station;
• Concept of observation and model, The mathematical model and errors, Random and systematic errors, Purpose of adjustments;
• Least squares adjustment techniques, Adjustment by linear and non-linear functions in the model, Adjustment by observation equation (variation of parameters) and condition equation methods.

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JAM (Joint Admission Test to M.Sc) for admission to M.Sc programmes at the IITs. From year 2005 admissions to MCA programme at IIT Roorkee are also made through JAM which were previously through AIMCET. 

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