Dictionary of incoming foreigners

Abitur - a diploma of secondary education obtained in a high school, which allows the applicant to enter any higher education institution in Germany. A set of final tests replaces the school examinations and the entrance examinations to the university. A document is issued - a certificate, thanks to which the student can enter a university without entrance examinations. The other certificates do not provide this right. The time period is March and May. The duration of one of the basic subjects is 180 minutes. Elective subjects are 2.5 hours long.

Academia - a group of people united by the commonality of a certain range of interests, which includes research and education. An institution of higher education that provides educational programs of the highest level. The community is engaged in activities such as training and retraining of students. As well as raising the qualifications of competent teachers in a particular pedagogical activity. Activities are aimed at the development of science in different areas: technical, cultural, humanities, etc.

ACT (American College Testing) is a test taken by most applicants to U.S. universities. International applicants must also take the ACT if it is required by a U.S. college or university. It differs from the SAT in the simpler wording of the questions and focuses on the practical knowledge of the applicant. That's why the ACT is chosen by most international applicants. The test can be taken 4-6 times per year in the United States. The test can be taken in 150 countries around the world.

Advanced Placement is one of the programs designed to prepare high school students for admission to higher education. The program provides in-depth study of disciplines. The country in which it is valid is North America. In this program a student can choose the disciplines that are closer to his future profession. The duration is 1 year. The exam at the end is present, but not required to pass.

A-Level is a basic program, which prepares students for entry to higher education institutions of Great Britain. That is, it gives an average level of education. A document is issued - a certificate, thanks to which a student can enter a university without entrance exams. The duration of the program is 2 years. The A-level program usually lasts 2 years and is for teenagers aged 16-18. If a Russian student wants to come to this program, he must get grades from the 10th grade. At the end of the program he/she will have to pass from 3 to 5 courses.

The Athletic scholarship is different from the previous types of scholarships in that it is not based on academic merit or academic performance, but on athletic achievement. It also depends on the institution. The more sports activities take place in the university or the more students themselves participate in sports activities, the more such scholarships are granted to the university.

Bachelor degree is a bachelor's degree. This degree is earned when a student has completed four to five years of study at an institution of higher learning. He receives a diploma of higher education, which gives him a bachelor's degree.

Bachelor of Arts (BA) or Bachelor of Sciences (BS) - degree obtained by the student upon completion of studies (the analogue of the Russian diploma about higher education)

BEC (Business English Certificate) - is an examination that verifies a candidate's knowledge of Business English. It was developed by Cambridge University. The results of this examination are valid in more than 65 countries of the world. The certificate is valid on a permanent basis and does not require re-take.

Bursary is a type of scholarship, which has different meanings in different countries. In most cases such a scholarship is given to a student in need, who for one reason or another is not able to pay for his/her education. To justify the scholarship given by the university for training, the student participates in the active life of the university, helps in the organization of various events. It is also possible to work in the department, in the academic department, or generally to help the educational institution in any way.

CAE (Certificate in Advanced English) is an English language proficiency exam, which tests the level of English of students applying for bachelor's degree programs. The CAE is recognized by most British universities as a sufficient level of language proficiency for admission to programs leading to a Bachelor's degree. Developed by the University of Cambridge. Can also serve as an excellent supplement to obtaining a visa from the immigration office. Recognized by many employers.

CAE Preparation Course (Certificate in Advanced English) is a document which proves knowledge of English at a high level - Advanced. This certificate is a great advantage on the labor market and for entering higher educational institutions. Many universities recognize it as an entrance examination. It was developed by Cambridge University. The test corresponds to C1 level. If you do not score enough points, you will be given a certificate for level B2. If a candidate does not score enough points at B2, he/she will not get a certificate. Candidates who do not score enough points up to B2 level are deemed not to have passed the exam. Recognized not only in the field of labor and education, but also by the migration service for a visa.

Campus - this is the entire area occupied by the buildings of the university. Branches, buildings, dormitories, sports complexes. In general, this refers to the entire campus area that is occupied by buildings associated with the institution. These constitute the campus.

Career-specific scholarship - a type of scholarship for a particular major/discipline, which is of interest to the educational institution. Such scholarships are usually offered to increase interest among applicants to a particular major and to increase the number of applications.

A college-specific scholarship is a special kind of scholarship offered by an educational institution to a student in whom the institution is interested. This may be based on the student's academic performance or success in the life of the institution. It can be said that the institution is interested in the candidate as a future teacher or employee. In order not to lose this valuable talent, the institution offers its financial assistance.

Community College is an institution that offers a two-year degree and an Associate Degree at the end of the program. This institution does not differ from a Russian college or technical school, that is, the student receives a specialized secondary education. Many people prefer this type of educational institution mainly because of the price of tuition. Also, many people are attracted by the flexible schedule of training, the student can choose the time of attendance himself. But there are also pitfalls, for example, a limited choice of specializations in comparison with universities. Also, the requirements are minimal, since most students are those who could not get into higher education institutions. And another disadvantage is getting a visa. Since a person who goes to a foreign country to get such an unclaimed level of education, as Associate Degree, looks quite strange. After graduating from such an institution, you can go to university for higher education in your specialty or try to get a job in your specialty.

CPE (Certificate of Proficiency in English) is a document that proves knowledge of English at the highest level - perfect. This certificate gives a big advantage both on the labor market and for entering higher educational institutions. It is developed by Cambridge University. Those who have passed it are considered to be native speakers of English at an educated level. The highest degree of proficiency in the English language. Most universities and colleges in Europe recognize this examination as an entrance exam for admission to undergraduate and graduate programs. The test corresponds to level C2, and if the candidate did not score enough points, he or she is given a certificate of level C1. If a candidate does not score enough points at C1, he/she will not receive a certificate. Candidates who do not score at the C1 level will be deemed to have failed the exam. CPE is similar to CAE in many respects. The program takes place twice a year. Duration: 2 days.

Credits - Russian universities have introduced a credit system for subjects a student takes in a particular specialty. That is, a student's performance in a particular subject is evaluated by a pass/fail system. Abroad such "credits" are called credits. In other words, in order to receive a bachelor's degree, a student must accumulate 120 credits, or credits approximately:

  • First year: 1 to 30 credits

  • Second year: 31 to 60 credits

  • Third year of study: 61 to 90 credits

  • Fourth Year: 91 to 120 credits

Curricular Practical Training (CPT) is academic and practical training. This includes the student's attendance at all hours of lectures and seminars, but also practical training at the university. It can take place both during training and during summer vacation, i.e. summer practical training. A higher education institution enters into a contract with a company for a student to have an internship there, based on a contract or any additional agreements.

Curriculum - program of study. It is a special document that includes all the academic disciplines that should be taught in a given specialty, the total number of hours allocated for study, and the order of classes. At institutions of higher education, the number of hours is determined per semester. Also specified are the hours allocated not only for lectures and seminars, but also for the examination period - the session.

The DALF is the document that certifies the level of French proficiency needed to apply to baccalaureate programs in higher education. This exam is compulsory for foreign applicants who want to enroll in a French-speaking higher education institution. Most universities do not require an entrance exam, only a standard application. This exam is very important because candidates are selected on a competitive basis. Passing the exam gives a diploma of proficiency in advanced French. It is possible to pass different levels - C1 and C2. The C1 level is required for admission to a higher education institution. The results are valid on a permanent basis. Retake is possible if the student did not achieve a passing grade earlier. Held at special Alliance centers, as they are in many Russian cities. They are held about once a month, you should get the exact information at the official site of this center.

Dean's office - the dean's office. This is a room in the university, in which all the operations that accompany the educational process of students are carried out. This office manages the faculty and is headed by the dean. Students can go there on any issue related to the academic process and to the activities of the faculty as a whole.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) is a doctoral degree. This is the highest degree in higher education. After completing the first two stages of higher education (bachelor's and postgraduate) students can get the highest scientific degree - Doctor of Sciences. To do this, having completed postgraduate studies, he must work for at least 5 years in his chosen specialty in scientific activity. After defending his dissertation he can qualify for the degree of Doctor of Science in that field.

DSH - this test shows the intermediate level of knowledge of German, which is necessary for admission to universities and colleges in Germany. The exam can be taken at any time at practically every university. It can be taken at various times and at nearly every university. The results are always valid. The number of times you can take the exam is 3. Document of passing this exam is sent by mail.

FCE (First Certificate in English) is a Cambridge University examination, which shows that the student has an intermediate level of English. This exam is worth to be passed at admission to such specialities as banking, commerce and management, etc. The exam is designed for students who have previously attended language schools. The duration is 2 days, as all parts are divided into two days, but according to the latest data, the format may be changed in 2015. When passing this exam, the student receives a document confirming the knowledge of English at B2 level.

Fees or Tuitionfee - tuition fees. An amount charged by an institution of higher education for the provision of educational services. Fees are due and payable on a due date for each semester of study, inclusive, throughout the term of study.

Fellowship is a type of scholarship that provides entirely tuition-free education for master's or doctoral students. In exchange for the opportunity to study for free, the student must work for the benefit and development of the university. For example, working as a teaching assistant, sometimes substituting for lectures, reviewing students' work, and helping them with research and writing research papers.

The First Year University Pathway is a specialized program that prepares students for their first year at any given university. The program includes a wide variety of majors and concentrations at various U.S. universities. A student who has graduated from high school with a complete high school diploma can enter the first year of a bachelor's program, consolidating all the knowledge and the level of English given to him at school. The time required for this program is 36 weeks.

Freshman - A student who has entered the first year of a bachelor's or master's degree program at an institution of higher learning. A student in an educational program, depending on his or her choice of major.

GMAT (General Management Admission Test) is an international test that checks the level of English, level of proficiency in economics, mathematics, that is, the ability to reason logically, justify your point of view and do all kinds of mathematical calculations. Usually this test is taken by those students who want to enter MBA programs, i.e. business, management, financial support. The test is immediately adjusted to the level of the student, that is, if you answer a question correctly, then follow a more difficult question, if not, then an easier one. Therefore, it is very important to answer the first questions correctly, as the student's grade depends on it. The duration of the test is 3.5 hours.

GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) is a test designed for students who want to enter graduate programs such as business, computer science, economics, and management. The results of the test assess the analytical skills of a student and his or her chances of entering prestigious business schools. The test program provides for the level of the student from the very first question. Once the test taker answers a question correctly - the next question will be harder. Wrong - easier. Therefore, when passing it is necessary to pay special attention to the first questions, because the grade depends on it.

Grade Point Average (GPA) is the cumulative grade point average (GPA) of the student, which determines the level of his/her preparation. The highest GPA is 4.0. Remember the grading system: A - 5B - 4C - 3D, E, F - 2.

That is, a high GPA score is given as long as all grades are at least A, which is an A.

To calculate your approximate GPA it is worth converting all your diploma grades into a four. That is, one less (A's as B's, F's as C's, etc.). Then we turn to the arithmetic mean calculation and we're done. The GPA you get when you calculate it on your own may not fully correspond to reality. This is because attention is paid to the number of credits for each course. And the number of credits for the subjects yourself to calculate it is no longer possible. Institutions of higher education indicate what GPA applicants should have in the Admissions sections.

Graduate Level is the second level of graduate study, a degree program in which a student completes a bachelor's degree. It is another opportunity to pursue a different major, only in 2 years. Or to continue studies in the same discipline for which the student has already been awarded a bachelor's degree. It is a kind of preparation for the student's research activities.

Grant is a type of scholarship. But this scholarship can differ in a number of circumstances, for example, when the funding comes not from the school, but from a company, or on a competitive basis, if the student is the winner or prize-winner in some educational activities; it can also provide for reporting, which shows what exactly was spent on the provided.

GRE (Graduate Record Examination) is a test that is taken when a student enters graduate school, postgraduate school, doctoral school, in general, for any second level higher education. The test is designed for good knowledge of English, so international students are given the opportunity to retake it. If the results of the test are not satisfactory at all, a good TOEFL score is required in extreme cases. The test combines two blocks - the Revised General Test and the Subject Test.

GRE is taken in specialized academic centers, which are located in many cities. If a student lives in Moscow or St. Petersburg, it is not difficult to take the test. For information on specialized scientific centers in other cities, visit the official exam site. The general level can be taken online to check your strength and, if necessary, to prepare better. But the more advanced level can be seen only on the exam itself.

Head - head of the department. Carries out general management of the department. He/she reports to the rector, dean of the department, or vice-rector. Supervises department staff on organization of teaching, scientific, educational activities. Is engaged in upgrading qualification of teaching staff, as well as supervising other types of work, which are within his/her competence.

IELTS (International English Language Testing System) is an international test to check the level of English. It is intended for entrance of students to programs of higher education abroad, including undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate programs. The document on passing this test is valid for two years. Document on passing this test are accepted by universities where English is a major language. The results of the test can be considered for 2 years, so it is possible that the student will have to confirm their level again. This test is designed to test the student's knowledge of British English - this is the main difference from TOEFL. The duration of the test is 2 hours and 45 minutes. There are two versions:

Academic IELTS - designed for students who want to enter undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate programs at foreign universities

General IELTS is for candidates who need to confirm their English level for job placement.

Internship is a special kind of training aimed at gaining experience and practical skills in the chosen specialization of the student. Internships may be paid, allowing the student to cover some of the costs, such as college tuition, on their own. The foreign education system is more like an internship, especially in the senior years, which means that it will not be difficult for a student to combine study and work. There are no problems with registration of visas in such cases, as it is an educational category and does not require additional supporting documents.

Junior - a student enrolled in the third year of a bachelor's degree at a higher education institution. A student of a particular educational program, depending on his or her choice of specialty.

Major is the major in the profession chosen by the student. Some institutions offer a narrower major at various points in the course of study, after the second or third year of a bachelor's degree. Some departments, such as journalism or international relations, for example, may offer a narrower focus. Journalism: Department of Periodicals, Media Design, Radio and Television. International Relations: English, French, or Spanish departments, and so on. Some schools offer a minor as an additional major. Students can choose to major in both; they do not have to be the same. Once a major is chosen, courses in that major must be taken to earn a degree in that area of study.

An MBA (Master of Business Administration) is a professional higher education program that provides the student with an international qualification degree in business management. Training takes 1-2 years. The certificate issued upon graduation opens many doors for employment in many leading countries of the world. General admission requirements for this program include:

  • Age of the student from 21 years old;

  • Passing the TOEFL foreign language test;

  • Passing the GMAT General Logic and Mathematics Test;

  • Preferably, work experience of 1 year or more in management and some kind of recommendation from an employer;

There are centers for taking this exam in many cities in Russia.

Master of Arts, M.A. - Master of Arts degree. A student who has studied an educational program in the humanities and has received an appropriate degree in this field.

Master of Science, M.S. - Master of Science degree in exact sciences. A student who has completed a technical degree program in a related field of study.

Merit-based scholarship - A type of scholarship that is awarded on the basis of a student's academic performance in a course of study. Usually given to students who have earned the highest grade point for their academic performance and who have distinguished themselves in the course of study.

Midterm - A midterm test designed to test a student's knowledge. It is administered midterm, or at the end of the first semester. Usually students are not warned in advance. Consequently, the test aims to identify and assimilate the general knowledge of students without additional preparation.

Minority scholarships - A type of scholarship that is awarded based on a certain criterion - nationality. Most of them are given to national minorities: aboriginal people, Indians, etc.

Need-based scholarship - a type of scholarship given by an institution to students in need. For students who are in financial difficulty or for other reasons (accidents, parental incapacity, etc.) International applicants may not apply for this type of scholarship at the time of admission. Such opportunity can fall only during the training if the student's financial situation has changed, but there is no guarantee that this type of scholarship will be paid. For this type of scholarship the student must also provide a certain type of documents - certificates from the bank, tax authorities, etc. And, of course, a petition in writing with a number of good reasons.

Postgraduate - Graduate Student. A student who has received a bachelor's degree and has decided to continue his or her studies for three years. A professional at an institution of higher learning who wants to pursue a career in research or teaching.

Postgraduate studies. This form of education is chosen after completing a bachelor's degree. It takes three years to complete. It is connected with scientific activities, aimed at training specialists in scientific activities, candidates of sciences. The student, who decided to devote himself to scientific activity should be prepared for the fact that it will be practically an independent work in one or another activity. The student must choose the direction of activity, research topic and defend a dissertation - a scientific work, which is handed in at the end of training on a voluntary basis, if the student claims to have a scientific degree in a particular discipline.

Principal's office is the rector's office. This is the room in the university in which all operations related to the academic process of students are carried out. Such an office administers the faculty and is headed by the chancellor. Students can contact the Rector's Office with any questions or concerns they have about the academic process or the department's activities in general.

Private College is the institution to which all applicants seek admission. Universities belonging to this category are considered the most prestigious. And, of course, the cost here is much higher than the average university. The most famous are Harvard, Berkeley and Brown. These names speak for themselves. It is quite difficult to get in.

Prospectus is a brochure, a booklet of a particular institution of higher education that is published every year. The target audience is applicants, parents. Informing and attracting interest in a particular institution of higher education by answering frequently asked questions and indicating sources of information for further research.

Revised General Test - tests the applicant's general knowledge. Half of the test is for math skills, and half is for English language skills.

SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) - A required test for all applicants who want to enter prestigious American universities in undergraduate programs. It includes the SAT Reasoning Test (General Test), as well as SAT Subject Tests in such subjects as biology, chemistry, world history and others. You can apply to most universities, and even more so, to community colleges without taking this test. The SAT is taken seven times a year in the United States and six times a year in Russia.

Scholarships are financial assistance to help you study in the educational program of your choice. Scholarships are awarded if you have certain requirements or special criteria. It may take a variety of forms, such as a discount on the academic services provided by the university.

The Second Year University Pathway is a special program designed to prepare students for their second year at a U.S. university. The program includes a wide range of specialties and areas of study at various U.S. universities. That is, a student who has graduated from high school with a complete secondary education can go directly to the second year of a bachelor's degree if he successfully completes this training program. This is quite an advantageous offer in terms of saving time and tuition. The time required to complete this program is one year.

Senior - a student enrolled at a higher education institution in the current year in the fourth year of a bachelor's degree. A student in an educational program, depending on his or her choice of major. It is the final year of an educational program at most institutions of higher learning.

State College is an institution, at the end of which a bachelor's degree program is awarded. Most students choose this type of university. There are four years of study. It is one level above Community.

Student-specific scholarship - A type of scholarship awarded according to a certain, somewhat specific criterion. It can be the race of the student, nationality, marital status, health status, religion.

Subject Test - This level cannot be passed without university preparation, it tests the more profound knowledge of the applicant. The choice consists only of the specialization in which the student wants to enter.

Super-senior is a student enrolled at a current year institution of higher education in the fifth year of a bachelor's degree. A student in a particular educational program, depending on his or her choice of major. The fourth year of study is the final year of a bachelor's degree at most institutions of higher learning, so the term "super-senior" is used in slang form.

Syllabus - Schedule or syllabus of courses, or schedule of lectures. It is a document that outlines all the related materials of the academic process. It is compiled by the professor or faculty member who oversees a particular discipline within his or her area of expertise. In other words, it is the time and its correct distribution, which should be spent on conducting lectures, seminars in a particular discipline.Represents the start time and end time of the discipline, also includes the break time between conducting classes. It is compiled for each semester of a higher education institution or college. The schedule may be amended from time to time to accommodate changes in the time of courses. Reasons for changes may be a teacher's absence, the need for additional hours in a course, etc.

To cheat - violation of the established rules of the exam. That is, the use of prohibited means of preparation for the answer - sneaking sheets with the answers or any other help, also help from classmates. In other words - cheating.

TOEFL (Test of English as a Second Language) is an international test that checks the level of English. It is designed for students applying to Bachelor's, Master's and PhD programs at foreign universities. The document of passing this test is valid for two years. Also he will need it for issuing visas to countries such as Great Britain and Australia. It is also submitted to some scholarship funds. The results of the test can be considered for 2 years, so it is possible that the student may have to confirm their level again. This test is designed to test the student's knowledge of American English. It is 4.5 hours long.

Training - Preparation. Preparation for university admission, or preparation for an examination in a particular subject, is a special class attended by the applicant or student in order to achieve a better grade. Preparation may be done independently, or it may involve acquiring additional literature in a discipline of interest to the student.

Transcripts are official copies of audited academic transcripts that contain information on the courses the student has taken, the number of hours attended, and his or her grades. They are given in a variety of situations, such as deciding a candidate's suitability for a particular position.

Transfer - This term means transferring a student from one institution of higher education to another. The education systems of Australia, Great Britain, and Russia do not provide for transfer. Most U.S. students undergo this procedure. The reason for this is that not all students can enroll at the exact institution they want. Let us say they did not have enough GTAs, did not do well on the USE, and many other reasons. Therefore, they are given the opportunity to transfer after their 2nd or 3rd year to their dream university. During these two or three years a student has the opportunity to tighten his grades, his level of English, learn the first two courses of the university to which he wanted to transfer. There is even more chance here because the admissions committee values the skills a student has acquired in two years at an American university rather than at a Russian school.

The Undergraduate Level is a full-fledged undergraduate degree. This is a broader emphasis on teaching a particular discipline. Duration: 4-5 years.

Undergraduate level is the pre-graduate level. It means that a student has one year of study left before he or she receives a diploma in a particular specialty, before receiving a bachelor's degree. This is the third or fourth year of higher education.

Vice-rector. Assistant or deputy rector. In charge of academic and educational work at a university. Performs the duties of the rector when he is not there.

Vocational and Technical Schools - Vocational and technical schools offer certificate, not degree, programs. They prepare students for direct employment in a professional field.

Americans use the word class, but in their language they mean "subject. A subject, that is, a particular discipline. For example, the list of subjects for a semester or a year, which the student should study as part of his future profession.

The dictionary was compiled by Anastasia Gusenkova.

2022-01-14 07:14:01
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